language research assigment

LANGUAGE RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT

Lecturer      : Mrs. Yunik Susanti

RESEARCH PROBLEM

By:

                                    1. LINDA LUTFIANA                    (09.1.01.08.0143)

                                    2. SEVI EKA                                     (09.1.01.08.0243)

                                    3. TOPAN YUNIANTO                   (09.1.01.08.0262)

                                    4. TRI BUANA PUTRI                   (09.1.01.08.0263)

                                    5. UCIK RICA P                               (09.1.01.08.0454)

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY OF NUSANTARA PGRI KEDIRI

2011

INTRODUCTION

1. DEFINITION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

·         A problem that someone would like to research (William Wiersma)

·         Penyimpangan antara yang seharusnya dengan apa yang benar-benar terjadi, antara teori dengan praktek, antara aturan dengan pelaksanaan dan antara rencana dengan pelaksaan. (Prof. D. Sugiono)

2. SOURCE OF THE PROBLEM

According to William Wiersma, the problem can happen from:

1. when the person finds unsatisfactory or unsettling
2. a difficulty of some sort
3. a state of affairs that needs to be changed
4. anything this is not working as well as it might

According to Prof. Dr. Sugiono, the sources of problem are:

1.      there is a deviation between experience and reality

2.      there is a deviation between plan and reality

3.      because of complain

4.      because of competition

CONTENT

A.THE DEFINITION OF RESEARCH QUESTION

            Research question is the focus of researcher’s investigation.

B. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD RESEARCH QUESTION

            The good research questions have four essential characteristics. They are:

1.      FEASIBLE

Feasibility is very important in designing research studies. Feasible question means that it can be investigated with available resources without an undue of time, energy and money.

For example:

a.       How do the students of elementary school feel about the new teaching method based on discussion?

b.      How would be the effect on achievement of giving each student his or her own laptop to use for a semester?

 Two research questions above can be compared which one is feasible question. Question A is feasible beside question B isn’t feasible because to do that research, the researcher have to provide a laptop for each students and it will be difficult to do and needs much money.

2.      CLEAR

Since the research question is the focus of research investigation, it is particularly important that the question is clear. It means most people would agree as to what the key words in the question mean. The question is also not ambiguous.

For example:

a.       Is a humanistically oriented classroom effective?

That seems quite clear but many people may not be sure exactly what it means.

b.      What do the parents think about counseling program in their children’s school?

This question is clearer than the question number a, because many people know about counseling program.

3.      SIGNIFICANT

Significant question means it is worth investigating because it will contribute important knowledge about the human condition. It needs to be considered whether the question is worth spending time, money and energy to get the answer and will it contribute to our knowledge about education. The research questions should have the answers that advance knowledge, improve educational practice and improve the human condition.

For example;

a.       What is the teaching method that is suitable for passive student?

If the research about that question is successful, it will give contribute in education.

4.      ETHICAL

Ethical question means it will not involve physical or psychological harm or damage to human beings, or to the natural or social environment of which they are apart. The sentence of research question should be arranged well and politely.

For example:

a.       Do the students who have dark skin have lower ability in understanding the lesson?

That is impolite research question because it can hurt someone’s heart.     

3. THE FORM OF RESEARCH QUESTION

Research question is the question that will be searched the answer through the investigation. Form of research question can be divided into three:

     

      1. DESCRIPTION RESEARCH QUESTION

                  It is the question that has independent variable. In this research, the researcher doesn’t compare the variable with other sample and searches the connection between that variable and another variable. This research is called description research.

      For example:

a.       How long the students of Senior High school study in average in a day?

b.      How do the students feel about school’s facilities?

2. COMPARATIVE RESEARCH QUESTION

            It compares one variable with two or more different sample or on different time.

For example    :

a.       What are the differences of achievement between students who study in village and city?  

b.      What is differences of studying motivation between students who join school’s organization and student’s who don’t join organization?

3. ASSOCIATION RESEARCH QUESTION

            This type of research question asks about the connection among two or more variable. There are three form of connection:

A.    SYMMETRICAL

It is the connection between two or more variable that unfortunately happen in same time. So it is not causal or interactive connection.

For example:

a.       Is there connection between amount of motorcycle in village with amount of  children who study in school?.

b.      Is there connection between hair’s colour and ability to lead the school?

(From example a, the first variable is amount of motorcycle and the second variable is amount of children who study in school. It means that the motorcycle doesn’t cause and influence the amount of children who study at school. Maybe when the amount of motorcycle is high, it indicates the financial condition of the citizen of that village so they can send their children to school)

B.     CAUSAL

It is causal connection. There are independent variable (variable that influences another variable and dependent variable (influenced variable)

For example:

a.       What is the effect of parent’s education on their children’s achievement?

b.      What is the effect of school’s curriculum on the quality of school’s graduates?

C.     RECIPROCAL

Reciprocal means the connection which influence each other. In this type, there is no independent and dependent variable.

a.       What is the connection between motivation and achievement for student in elementary school?

From research question above, it can be identified that motivation can influence the achievement and the achievement also can influence student motivation.

.

CONCLUSION

Research question is a problem that someone would like to research.

The essential characteristic of good research questions are:

a.       feasible

b.      clear

c.       significant

d.      ethical

There are three types of research questions:

a.       Descriptive

b.      Comparative

c.       Associative:

1.      Symmetrical

2.      Causal

3.      reciprocal

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian: Rineka Cipta

Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Alfabeta Bandung

Wiersma, William. Research Methods in Education